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Approaching the month of Ramadan, Muslims flock to do alternate fasting or also called qadha fasting.
This Ramadan fasting change or qadha fasting is intended to pay off debts for the previous year's Ramadan fasting which has not been carried out due to various obstacles, such as menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or illness.
Usually, this fast is carried out before the month of Ramadan, between the months of Rajab and Shaban and is carried out as much as we have Ramadhan fasting debts.
The obligation to replace this fast is explained in surah Al Baqarah verse 184. Allah swt. said,
A number of days. Then whoever of you is sick or on a journey, then a number of other days. And for those who are able to endure it, a ransom must be fed to a poor person. So whoever does good voluntarily, it is better for him. And if you fast, it is better for you, if you only knew.
Meaning: “(That is) a certain number of days. So whoever among you is sick or on a journey (and does not fast), then (must replace) as many days (on which he did not fast) on other days. And for those who “It's hard to do it, you have to pay fidyah, that is, to feed a poor person. But whoever willingly does good deeds, it is better for him, and your fasting is better for you if you only knew.”
So is there a time limit to replace Ramadan fasting?
Illustration of Islam, prayers, Eid al-Fitr/ Photo: doc. Freepik
Deadline for changing the previous year's Ramadan fast
Quoting the book Ushul Fiqh by Amrullah Hayatudin, making up for the remaining Ramadan fast is absolutely obligatory. Absolute obligation is an obligation that does not have a specified time for implementation, which means it is carried out according to ability.
The Hanafi school of thought in the book Al-Mausu'ah Al-Fiqhiyah Al-Kuwaitiyah, quoted from the page of the Ministry of Religion (Kemenag) Bali Regional Office, also states that Ramadan fasting debts can be made at any time, either after the missed year of Ramadan fasting or in subsequent years.
Meanwhile, Syafi'iyah and Hanabilah scholars believe that the time limit for repaying Ramadan fasting debt is until the next year's Ramadan fasting time, which is the month of Shaban.
The wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him, Aisyah RA, is even known to have replaced fasting in the month of Shaban. This is explained in the Summary of Sahih Muslim compiled by Zaki Al-din 'abd Al-azhim Al-mundziri from Abu Salamah RA. Here is the sound of the hadith:
I heard Aisha, may God be pleased with her, say: I used to fast during Ramadan, so I could not make it up except in Sha`ban. This was the work of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. Peace be upon him or the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace.
Meaning: I heard Aisyah say, “I can't replace the obligatory fasts that I missed during the month of Ramadan, except in the month of Sha'ban because I was busy serving the Prophet Muhammad.” (HR Muslim)
Referring to this, the last days of Shaban 1445 H fall on March 10-11 2024 (29-30 Shaban) to pay off debts for fasting Ramadan.
However, it needs to be emphasized that fasting at the same time when people are doubtful about the new moon at the start of Ramadan is haram.
The prohibition refers to the condition that on the 29th day of the month of Shaban, the sky is covered by clouds so that the crescent moon cannot be seen. The day after that is called the Day of Suspect when it is forbidden to fast.
If until the end of the month of Shaban, the Ramadan fasting debt has not been paid, according to Prof. Wahbah az-Zuhaili in Terjemah Fiqhul Islam wa Adillathuhu Volume 3, the debtor must pay expiation.
Kafarat is feeding one poor person for every day as many days as left.
(him/arm)
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